Water-tube boiler.



No. 762,320. PATENTED JUNE 14, 1904. W. O. KENDALL. WATER TUBE BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1903.

H0 MODEL.

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PATENTED JUNE 14, 1904.

W. G. KENDALL. WATER TUBE BOILER. APPLIOAVTION nLnn'mLm, 1903.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

No. 762,320. PATENTED JUNE 14, 1904. W. G-KENDALL.

WATER TUBE BOILER.

APPLICATION mam JULY 2, 1903. no Monzm. 4 gums-sign a.

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PATENTED JUNE 14, 1904. w. 0. KENDALL. WATER TUBE BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1903.

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- Pe'ttented June 14, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

WESLEY (J. KENDALL, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

WATER-TUBE BOILER.

sPEcIEIoATIoN forming part of Letters Patent No. 762,320, dated June 14,1904.

Application filed July 2, 1903. Serial No. 163,988. No model.)

T 0 all wh/ont it vita/y concern.

Be it known that I, VVEsLEY (J. KENDALL, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Jersey City, in the county'of Hudson and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water-TubeBoilers, which improvements are fully set forth in the followingspecification.

This invention relates to improvements insteam-generating apparatus ofthat type commonly known as water-tube boilers.

The objects of this invention are to provide a water-tube boiler whichshall be simple and inexpensive as regards construction, durable andreliable in practical service, which shall embody novel features ofconstruction well calculated to insure a maximum power efficiency with aminimum consumption of fuel in the practical operation of theboiler,which shall mainly comprise interchangeable parts, thusfacilitating the work involved in primarily assembling such parts forservice, as well as repairing operations when occasion may demand, andwhich shall possess certain welldefined advantages over prior analogousconstructions.

The invention consists inthe novel disposition and relative arrangementof the various cooperating parts thereof, whereby the attainment of theforegoing objects is rendered practicable, in certain combinations, andin certain details of construction, all of which will be specificallyreferred tohereinafter and set forth in the appended claims.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings,wherein similar reference-numerals denote corresponding parts throughoutthe several views, and as to said drawings Figure l is a front elevationof a water-tube boiler embodying my said improvements'a portion of thefront saddle and of the adjacent neighboring header-segments-made use ofbeing broken away to more clearly disclose the cooperative relationexisting between these parts. Fig. 2 is a view mainly in section, the

near portionof the incasing masonry and of the water-tubes made use ofbeing removed and the section being taken centrally and verticallythrough the respective headers and partially through the steam-drum ofthe boiler and horizontally and vertically through the heat-generator orfurnace, as along the line a a, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a verticaltransverse 'section of said boiler, as along the line 0 c of Fig. 2, theincasing masonry at both sides of the boiler being retained. Fig. 4 is adetail sectional view illustrating more clearly the course pursued bythe hot gases from the generator or furnace made use of into theinterior of the boiler, the section being taken vertically andtransversely through such generator or furnace. Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview of one of the header-segments availed of, the same being showndetached from the header as a whole. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective viewshowing more clearly the intake of the interiordraft-fiue which I makeuse of.

In a general sense my present invention comprises a structure for thereception and circulation of water, a casing suitably inclosing saidstructure and forming a heat-compartment, a draft flue situated withinand projecting outwardly from said compartment, and means for regulatingor defining the course of movement of the hot gases admitted to saidcompartment in the practical operation of the construction as a whole,the said draftflue having an intake by way of which said gases mayultimately enter said flue for movement thence to the outer atmosphere.

It further comprises a structure of the char acter above indicated andembodyinga header having a flue-opening, a casing suitably inclosingsaid structure and forming a heat-compartment, a draft-flue situatedwithin said compartment, communicating with the opening in said headerand having an intake, and means for defining the course of movement ofthe hot gases aforenamed from their point of entrance to saidcompartment to and into said draft-flue by the way of saidintake.

It still further comprises a water-containing structure embodying aheader having a flue-opening, said header consisting, by preference, ofa plurality of suitably-conjoined segments so shaped, respectively, asto provide when duly assembled the flueopening aforenamed.

In carrying out my invention, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, I make use of opposing headers connected in the usual mannerby means of water-tubes 2 expanded therein, the parts thus connectedserving jointly as a structure for the reception and circulation ofwater to be vaporized or converted into steam. Additional parts,however, are ordinarily availed of as elements of such circulationstructure.

The water-containing structure of the boiler is suitably inclosedthatis, wholly or partially so inclosed-by any appropriate casing, thelatter in this instance and by preference taking the character ofmasonry and being arranged substantially as indicated in the drawings. Ageneral heat-compartment is thus formed through the medium, essentially,of the casing availed of, and the water-tubes 2, preferably inclineddownwardly. and rearwardly, extend through and accordingly receive theaction of the hot gases admitted to said heat-compartment.

The draft-flue 3, situated, essentially, within the heat-compartmentaforenamed,constitutes an important feature of my improved boiler, thesame being adapted to exhaust into the outer atmosphere the spent gasesaccumulating within said heat-compartment in the practical operation ofthe construction as a whole and being at all times provided with asuitable intake 3.

I prefer that the discharge of the spent gases aforenamed be effected atone of the headers made use of and subsequently to their entrance intosaid draft-flue, such header being constructed with this end in view.Accordingly I provide one of the opposing headers aforenamed, ordinarilythe rear one, with a flue-opening 4, located by preference, but notnecessarily, at the center of such header, and I arrange the flue 3 forcommunication with such flue-opening at the inner side of said headerand accordingly within the heat compartment above referred to.

To facilitate access to the interior of the flue 3 for cleaning andother purposes, I purpose to provide each of the opposing headers madeuse of with a flue-opening 4, the opening of one of said headers aliningwith that of the opposite header, and extend and dispose the draft-flue3 in such manner as to permit communication thereof at its ends withsaid flue-openings, respectively, as indicated in the drawings. Wherethese features of construction are availed of, one of saidflue-openings, ordinarily the front one, may under normal conditions beclosed by a removable cap 5.

The segments 6 are preferably shaped each so as to be mainlyinterchangeable one with another, and those comprisingasingle header maybe conjoined for service in any appropriate manner, although bypreference the same are so connected each with itsimmediately-coperating neighbors, as by means of the nipples 3, as toinsure intercommunication of the several segments comprised in suchheader. Each of said segments is hollow, readily producible from metal,as by the process of casting or otherwise, and provided at its frontface with a hand-hole suitably closed under normal conditions, as bymeans of an interior cover or lid 4, exterior yoke 5, drawbolt 6', andnut 7, all arranged for cooperation as in common practice.

I purpose in constructing the headers of my improved boiler to make useof segments substantially uniform in face dimensions, each having aconvex outer end surface and a concave inner end surface, each taperingfrom its outer to its inner end, the outer and inner end surfacesthereof approximately conforming in contour, by preference, toasegmentof a circle, and each of less longitudinal dimension than the radius ofthe circle of which its outer end surface is a segment, therebyproviding through the mere assembling of such segments as headerelements a circular central flue-opening 4 for the header constructed ofsuch segments. I

Where a steam-drum 6 is availed of, it is essential that due circulationareabe provided between the respective headers of the boiler and thedrum 6, so as to secure intercommunication of'said headers by way ofsaid drum, and in this connection I purpose to interpose between thedrum 6 and the respective headers of the boiler opposing saddles 7 7,each hollow and each duly connected with said drum and its cooperatingheader by means of rivets, as shown, or otherwise, as may be founddesirable in practice. Accordingly the uppermost segment comprised ineach of the headers aforenamed is provided with an opening8 at thejuncture therewith of its cooperating saddle, and the steam-drum 6 isprovided with analogous openings, one at the juncture therewith of eachof said saddles. When the headers aforenamed are constructed each ofsegments substantially as herein described, it is desirable that each ofthe saddles made use of be provided with a concave bottom portion and besufficient in face width to overlap somewhat a plurality of the uppersegments of the header with which it is conjoined, substantially asindicated in the accompanying drawings. Thus when the circulationstructure of the boiler is suspended, as in the depending loops 8 9,each of the respective headers of the boiler becomes self-sustainingeven in the absence of the connecting-nipples 3'. The loops 8 9 dependfrom cross-beams 9, supported by standards in the usual manner. However,the features of construction involved in the suspending of my improvedboiler maybe altered as found necessary in installing the boiler forservice.

The steam-drum 6 is of ordinary construction, and the usual accessories,such as a safety-valve, an inlet-pipe, and the like, may be employed inconnection therewith.

In order to secure a maximum power efliciency for my improved boilerwith a minimum consumption of fuel-supply, as at the furnace-grate 2, Ipurpose to employ means or features of construction adapted to insurethe most effective application of the hot gases evolved from the fuelmade use of to the circulation structure aforenamed, such means orfeatures of construction serving to so define or regulate the course ofmovement of the said gases from their point of entrance to theheat-compartment of the boiler to the intake 3 or their point of escapefrom said compartment as to measurably baffle or restrain the sameagainst their natural tendency to movement, thereby proportionatelyenhancing the heat intensity thereof. As to the course of movement ofsaid gases I purpose to primarily direct the same upwardly from theirpoint of entrance to the heat-compartment aforenamed at one side only ofthe draft-flue 3, thence over said draft-flue, and thereafter downwardlyto a low point at the opposite side of said flue to and into the latterby Way of its intake. Accordingly I make use of a partition-wall3",which radiates from the flue 3 and fully closes the space within theheat-compartment of the boiler at one" side of said flue. I prefer thatthe wall 3 occupy a vertical position, project downwardly from the flue3, and be situated inzopposition to the incoming gases from the grate 2,substantially as shown in the drawings, and where said gases are to takethe course above mentioned the intake of the draft-flue 3 should besituated at that side of the plane of the wall 3 opposite to the side ofsaid wall facing the incoming gases and near the juncture of said wallwith said flue, substantially as shown in the drawings. The wall 3 iscoextensive in length with the flue 3.

In some instances, owing to the length of the heat-compartment of theboiler, it may become desirable to reversely duplicate thecourse of thehot gases made use of in the practical operation of my improved boiler,and to accomplish this end I purpose to divide the generalheat-compartment of the boiler by means of a transverse partition-wall4", the same being coextensive with the transverse dimensions of theinterior of said general heatcompartment provided with a gas-opening 5and the latter being situated at a low point in said wall at the side ofthe wall 3 opposite to that side thereof whichfaces the furnace 8. Wherethe wall 4: is employed, the intake of the draft-flue 3 should besituated at that side of the plane of the wall 3" opposite to the sideof said wall which faces the opening 5 and near the juncture of thelast-named wall with said fine, the hot gases accordingly uponcompleting the course first herein specified passing rearwardly throughthe wall 4 by way of the opening 5 into the rear minor heatcompartmentof the boiler, thence upwardly,

thence over the draft-flue 3, and thereafter downwardly to and into thefine 3 by way of the intake of the latter, as indicated by the arrows 6in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

In order that the hot gases aforenamed may be directed to a point lowerthan the intake of the draft-flue 3 before gaining entrance to thelatter by way of its intake, I provide a 'baifle-wall 8, conjoined withand projecting away from the flue 3 in such a manner as to and into thedraft-flue 3 by way of the latters V intake, as will be clearlyunderstood and as fully illustrated in the drawings.

The baffle-wall 8 is preferably coextensive with the heat-compartmentwithin which it is situated and runs approximately parallel with thedraft-flue3.

In constructing the draft-flue 3 I purpose to interpose between therespective watertubes 2, which comprise the most central series thereof,fire-brick 9, each suitably shaped or moldedjto this end. Thisconstruction is highly advantageous and is clearly practicable,particularly where segmental headers such as herein described areavailed of. The inner portions of the inclosing masonry, hereinbeforereferred to, the respective partition-walls aforenamed, and thebaffle-wall 8, in the erection of which one or more of the water-tubes 2may be,

availed of, as indicated in the drawings, may be constructed also offire-brick or analogous material if deemed advisable, and said masonryis preferably so constructed as to permit the application of the hotgases within the heat-compartment of the boiler to the under side of thedrum 6 when the latter is employed and as in common practice. I

The lower segment of the rear header of the boiler may, in addition toits service as an element of said header, perform the functions of amud-d rum, as will be readily understood, and particularly where thewater-tubes of the boiler are inclined, as hereinbefore stated.

Any appropriate generator of heat, as the furnace 8', may be employed inconnection with my improved boiler.

It will be seen that my improved watertube boiler is particularly welladapted for the purposes for which it is intended and, further, that thesame may be modified, particularly as regards the disposition of theelelIO Q reassuinents controlling the course of movement of the hotgases through the heat-compartment of the boiler, the general contour ofthe respective header-segments herein referred to, and the connection ofsuch headers with the drum 6 when the latter is availed of, withoutmaterially departing from the spirit and principle of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, isv 1. A boiler comprising a structure for thecirculation of water to be vaporized or converted into steam; a casingsuitably inclosing said structure and forming a heat-compartment; fullytraversing said compartment, having an intake at one side thereof, adraftflue situated within said compartment and communicating with theouter atmosphere; a heatgenerator, and means for measurably baffling orretarding the movement of the hot gases from said generator to theintake of said draftfiue, substantially as herein specified.

2. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam; a casing suitably inclosing saidstructure and forming a heat-compartment; a draft-flue situated within,fully traversing and discharging its contents exteriorly of, saidcompartment; a heat-generator; and a gas-diverting partition-wallprojecting away from said fiue, the latter having an intake situated atthat side of the plane of said wall opposite to the side thereof whichfaces the incoming gases, substantially as herein specified.

3. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of Water to bevaporized or converted into steam; a casing suitably inclosing saidstructure and forming a general heat-compartment; a partition-walldividing said general compartment into minor heat-compartments andhaving an opening for the passage of the hot gases availed of from oneof said minor compartments into the other; and a draft-flue, the lattersituated within one of said minor compartments, fully traversing thesame, having an intake at one side thereof, and discharging its contentsexteriorly of the minor compartmentwithin which it is situated,substantially as herein specified.

4. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam; a casing suitably inclosing saidstructure and forming a heat-compartment; a draft-flue situated within,fully traversing and discharging its contents exteriorly of, saidcompartment; a l'ieat-generator; a gasdiverting partition-wallprojecting awayfrom, and closing the space at one side of, saiddraftflue; a baffle-wall conjoined with the draft flue aforenamed,projecting therefrom, and forming with said partition-wall agas-passage, the latter leading from a low point within said compartmentupwardly to said flue, the said flue having an intake at the upperterminus of said passage, and said bafiie-wall being situated at thatside of said partition-wall opposite to the side thereof which faces theincoming gases, substantially as herein specified.

5. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam, the said structure embodying a seriesof water-tubes; and a draft-flue, the latter being coextensive in lengthwith said water-tubes, running parallel therewith, having an intake atone side thereof, and being constructed of fire-brick, or analogousmaterial, interposed between and supported in position by, a continuousseries of said tubes, substantially as herein specified.

6. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam, the said structure embodyingopposing, segmental headers connected by water-tubes expanded therein;and a draftflue, the latter being coextensive in length with the spaceintervening between said headers, running parallel with saidwater-tubes, and constructed of fire-brick, or analogous material,interposed between and supported in position by acontinuous series ofsaid tubes, substantially as herein specified.

7. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam, the said structure embodying opposingheaders connected by a series of water-tubes, and one of said headershaving a flue-opening; and a draft-flue, the latter being interposedbetween said headers, having an intake at'one side thereof for the hotgases availed of, and serving as an exhaust for said gases,substantially as herein specified.

8. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam, the said structure embodying opposingheaders connected by a series of water-tubes, and each of said headershaving a flue-opening; and adraft-fiue, the latter being interposedbetween said headers communicating at one end thereof with thefine-opening in one of said headers and at the opposite end thereof withthe flue-opening in the opposite header, having an intake at one sidethereof for the hot gases availed of, and serving as an exhaust for saidgases, substantially as herein specified.

9. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam, the said structure embodying opposingheaders constructed each of a plurality of segments adapted whenassembled to form a flue-opening therefor, the said headers beingconnected by a series of watertubes; and a draft-flue, the latter beinginterposed between said headers and communicating at one end thereofwith the flue-opening of one of said headers, and at the other endthereof with the flue-opening of the opposite header, substantially asherein specified.

10. A header for a water-tube boiler consisting of a plurality ofwater-circulation segments suitably conjoined for direct, lateralintercommunication, the said segments being each shaped so as toprovide, upon said segments being duly assembled for service, aflueopening for said header, substantially as herein specified.

11. A boiler-header constructed for the circulation interiorly thereofof water to be vaporized or converted into steam, said header consistingof a plurality of hollow segments suitably conjoined for direct, lateralintercommunication, each being shaped so as to provide, upon saidsegments being duly assembled for service, a flue-opening for saidheader, and the uppermost segment having an opening at its enlarged orouter end, substantially as herein specified. I

12. A header for a water-tube boiler, comprising a plurality of tapered,hollow segments, nippled together in such a manner as to insure direct,lateral intercommunication of such segments, the said segments havingeach a substantial end surface at the tapered end thereof so as toprovide, upon said segments being duly assembled, a flue-opening 03 saidheader, substantially as herein speci- 13. In a water-tube boiler, incombination, a header comprising a plurality of suitablyconjoinedsegments;.a loop for suspending said header, the said loop serving tohold a portion of said segments in position for service; a steam-drum;and a saddle, the latter interposed between said drum and said header,and overlapping and holding in position for service the remainingportion of said segments, substantially as herein specified.

14. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation of water to bevaporized or converted into steam, said structure embodyingopposingheaders connected by a series of water-tu bes, and having each a centralflue-opening; a casing suitably inclosing said structure and forming aheat-compartment; a heat-generator; a draft-flue within saidcompartment, discharging its contents exteriorly thereof, and extendingcontinuously from one of said headers to the other, in alinement withthe openings of said headers; a partition-Wall depending from said flue,closing the space at the lower side thereof, and opposing the incominghot gases, the said flue having an intake at the side thereof mostdistant from the point of entrance of said gases; and a bafflewall, thelatter conjoined with and projecting away from said flue, and formingwith the partition-wall aforenamed a gas-passage which extends upwardlyand terminates at the intale of said flue, substantially as hereinspecifie 15. A boiler comprising a structure for the circulation ofwater to be vaporized or converted into steam, said structure, embodyinga series of water-tubes, and a draft-flue, the latter conjoined withsaid structure and running parallel with said tubes, and having itsgas-intake arranged along one side thereof, substantially as hereinspecified.

16. A boiler comprising a heat-compartment; a draft-flue situatedwithin, and extending from one side to the opposite side of saidcompartment; a wall projecting away from said flue, coextensive inlength'therewith, and closing the space at one side thereof; and aheat-generator, the latter arranged to deliver its combustion-gases intosaid compartment at one side of said wall, and the said flue having anintake for said gases at the opposite side of said wall, anddischargingits contents exteriorly of said compartment, substantially asherein specified.

17. A boiler comprising opposing, seg- -mental headers, the segments ofsaid headers,

respectively, being arranged for direct,lateral intercommunication; asteam drum above said headers; and opposing saddles, the latterarranged, one between each of said headers and said drum, and eachserving to hold certain of the segments of its cooperating header inpositon for service, substantially as herein specifie 18. A hollowheader-segment for a Watertube boiler, the said segment having tapered,opposite sides and a substantial end surface at its tapered end,substantially as herein specified.

19. A hollow header-segment for a watertube boiler, the said segmenthaving tapered, opposite sides, a substantial end surface at its taperedend, and an opening at its opposite end, substantially as hereinspecified.

WESLEY C. KENDALL. Witnesses:

MAURICE B. ZUOYKERMAN, W. H. RUBY.

